Application of PE Pipe in Ground Source Heat Pump System Construction

Ground-source heat pumps are advanced energy systems that provide heating, cooling, and hot water for buildings by utilizing the stable thermal energy stored in shallow underground soils, rocks, groundwater, or other media. These systems are widely recognized as one of the most efficient, comfortable, and environmentally friendly technologies available today. They are commonly used in a variety of applications, including office buildings, residential villas, schools, hotels, and hospitals, particularly within central air conditioning systems, underfloor heating, and domestic hot water supply. Their ability to tap into the Earth's natural temperature makes them a sustainable and cost-effective solution for climate control. The energy conservation principle of ground-source heat pumps is based on the use of stable subterranean temperatures, typically ranging between 15°C in winter and -17°C in summer. Unlike traditional air conditioning systems that rely on cooling towers or boilers, which consume large amounts of energy and operate less efficiently, ground-source heat pumps extract up to 60-70% of their energy from the ground, with only 30-40% coming from electricity. This significantly reduces overall energy consumption and improves system performance year-round. Ground-source heat pumps can be classified into three main types: groundwater-source, surface water-source, and closed-loop ground-source systems. Among these, the closed-loop system is the most widely adopted due to its environmental benefits and adaptability. It uses a sealed loop of circulating water to exchange heat with the soil or rock, making it highly efficient and suitable for various geographic locations. In terms of piping materials, the ground source heat pump system primarily uses PE (PE100 or PE80) and PB pipes. PE pipes are favored for their cost-effectiveness and durability, making them ideal for many construction projects. The system consists of a manifold connected to the heat pump unit, buried pipes for heat exchange, and various fittings to ensure a secure and efficient connection. Supervisors, or the main pipes that connect the buried loops to the indoor unit, are usually made in sizes such as D40 to D63, with larger projects using D110. These pipes must be installed below the frost line to prevent freezing and are often insulated above ground level. Buried pipes, typically in sizes like D25 or D32, are designed to withstand high pressure and are laid in coiled or U-shaped configurations to maximize heat exchange efficiency. Pipe fittings such as U-bends and fixed brackets play a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity and performance of the system. U-bends help create a continuous water circuit, while fixed brackets ensure proper spacing between pipes to avoid thermal interference. The number of fittings required depends on the design complexity and the number of boreholes in the project. Construction standards, such as GB5036-2005, outline specific requirements for the installation and design of ground-source heat pump systems. These guidelines ensure that the use of PE pipes meets national quality and safety standards, aligning with those used in conventional water supply systems. Laying methods include horizontal and vertical installations. Horizontal laying is simpler and less expensive but requires more land area, while vertical laying is more compact and efficient, though it involves higher drilling costs. Vertical systems often use double-U pipe configurations, which offer better heat exchange performance and are widely adopted in modern projects. Overall, ground-source heat pump technology represents a promising and sustainable approach to building climate control, offering long-term energy savings and environmental benefits.

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