Herbage Science

The development of animal husbandry and pasture farming not only enhances the quality and yield of meat and milk from herbivores, but also helps reduce feed costs. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and sustainability of livestock products. To successfully grow grass and raise animals, several key technical aspects must be carefully considered: First, selecting high-quality and high-yield pasture species is essential. When introducing new pasture varieties, they should be well-adapted to local conditions, rich in nutrients, and capable of producing large quantities. It is important to avoid introducing wild grasses that may harm the ecosystem or have poor quality, such as *Hollow Lotus*, *Eupatorium adenophorum*, *Aircraft Grass*, and *Ragweed*. Second, choosing pasture species based on local conditions is vital. The selected plants must match the climate and soil type of the area. For example, in western Yunnan, chicory and ryegrass have proven to be ideal for goats and white geese, yielding around 8,000 kilograms of fresh grass annually. Third, a balanced mix of plant species should be established according to the types and numbers of animals being raised. The goal is to ensure a steady supply of forage throughout the year. By planning a diverse selection of pastures, farmers can optimize both nutrition and productivity. Fourth, adopting scientific planting methods is key. First, apply base fertilizer—ideally 3,000 to 5,000 kg of well-rotted manure per acre. Second, after plowing, level the land thoroughly and test the seed germination rate to determine the appropriate seeding rate. Third, sow seeds at the right time depending on the pasture type and growing season. Perennial forages are best sown in autumn, followed by spring and summer. Annual pastures, on the other hand, are most suitable for spring sowing. Fifth, timely harvesting is critical. Pasture should not be grazed immediately after planting. The best time to cut grass is during the heading to flowering stage for grasses, and from the flowering to early flowering stage for legumes. Proper timing ensures optimal nutritional value and long-term productivity. By following these practices, farmers can improve both the efficiency and sustainability of their livestock operations. (Lixian Army, Agricultural Technology Station, Wuxian Town, Shucheng County)

Conveying Equipment Series

The Conveying Equipment Series is a collection of machines designed to transport materials from one place to another. These machines are used in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, mining, agriculture, and construction. They are essential for moving materials efficiently and quickly, reducing labor costs, and improving productivity.

One of the most common types of conveying equipment is the conveyor belt. This machine consists of a belt that moves continuously, carrying materials from one end to the other. Conveyor belts are used to transport a wide range of materials, including grains, coal, rocks, and chemicals. They are available in different sizes and configurations, depending on the specific needs of the industry.

Another type of conveying equipment is the bucket elevator. This machine consists of a series of buckets attached to a chain or belt. The buckets are used to scoop up materials from one level and transport them to another level. Bucket elevators are commonly used in the agricultural industry to transport grain and other crops.

Screw conveyors are another type of conveying equipment. These machines consist of a rotating screw that moves materials along a trough or tube. Screw conveyors are used to transport bulk materials such as grain, cement, and chemicals. They are commonly used in the food processing industry for transporting ingredients and finished products.

Pneumatic conveying systems are also commonly used in many industries. These systems use air pressure to move materials through pipes or tubes. Pneumatic conveying systems are often used in the chemical industry to transport powders and other materials that are difficult to handle with other types of conveying equipment.

In addition to these types of conveying equipment, there are many other machines available for transporting materials. Some of these include belt conveyors, roller conveyors, vibrating conveyors, and chain conveyors. Each of these machines has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the specific needs of the industry.

Overall, the Conveying Equipment Series is an essential collection of machines for many industries. These machines are designed to move materials efficiently and quickly, reducing labor costs and improving productivity. With so many different types of conveying equipment available, it is important for industries to choose the right machine for their specific needs.

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