Beijing's motor vehicle emission reduction has entered the deep level with “four major constraints.†With the increase in the number of possessions, motor vehicle pollution is becoming an important source of pollution that affects the quality of the atmospheric environment in large and medium-sized cities in China. Beijing has adopted the principle of “controlling new holdings and reducing the stock of in-use vehiclesâ€, improving new car standards, improving the quality of oil products, accelerating the elimination of old cars, and strengthening the supervision of emission standards. With more measures, despite the increasing number of motor vehicles, the total amount of emissions is reduced. However, the reporter learned in an in-depth interview that the current “four major constraints†such as the flood of fake diesel trucks, the difficulty of road inspection and punishment, the lack of supervision of construction machinery, and the gap between oil standards have restricted motor vehicle emission reductions to a deeper level.
First, the foreigners surpassed the standard heavy firewood fake cars to Beijing to discharge "hedging" emission reduction results.
Except for Beijing, there is no “pre-review of environmental protection†on the foreign card, and the country lacks environmental protection recall regulations. Some car companies deliberately make fraud, and sell the national I and China II diesel vehicles as the national III and national IV. Last year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection inspected the National III and National IV diesel vehicles sold by 16 companies in the markets around the capital such as Hebei and Tianjin, and 68% only met the national II or national I standards.
"1 NOx that is up to standard 'National IV heavy firewood' is equivalent to about 90 'National IV gasoline sedans'. The emissions of non-standard or worse standard heavy diesel have reached the 'National IV gasoline sedan'. '200 times.†Li Kunsheng, director of the Motor Vehicle Emissions Management Office of the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, said that tens of thousands of heavy firewood every night went to Beijing or transit (around the Sixth Ring Road), and the sewage was more than 5.6 million vehicles in the city.
Beijing environmental protection agencies have long monitored a number of environmental indicators from the night to the early morning, and air pollution is closely related to the nighttime driving of diesel vehicles. According to the data provided by the Beijing Motor Vehicle Emission Management Center Laboratory, the “black carbon particles†emitted by the National V to the National II diesel vehicles are 10 grams, 13 grams, 65 grams and 100 grams per hour respectively.
Li Yannan, deputy director of the Beijing Motor Vehicle Emission Management Center, and Yue Xin, director of the Automotive Fuel Emissions Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, recommended improving the motor vehicle access permit and compulsory certification and inspection system in environmental protection, quality supervision, and industrial letters. Traffic and other departments have established a joint management mechanism for “environmental consistency checkâ€, and incorporated “environmental hardware configuration†into the scope of compulsory product certification.
Second, the super-discharge road inspection is difficult, and it is not necessary to implement the “simple procedureâ€.
According to the "Beijing Air Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations", the motor vehicle discharge exceeds the standard by 300 yuan to 3,000 yuan, but the "Administrative Punishment Law" stipulates that the individual fine exceeds 50 yuan and the unit exceeds 1,000 yuan. The "simple procedure" for on-site punishment is not applicable. .
The Beijing-brand heavy diesel can prevent the road from being over-scheduled by means of “spot checksâ€. However, the external law enforcement procedures for illegal and super-discharge vehicles require transcripts, filings, administrative notices, penalties, and orders for rectification notices, settlements, etc. Law enforcement officers must go to the owner's residence 4 times, and the owner must also cooperate with 2 investigations and 3 notifications. It lasted at least 18 days. Because there was no cross-provincial networking due to environmental violations, there was no corresponding regulation and restriction, resulting in “10 over-standard vehicles and 7 vehicles not penalizedâ€.
The insiders suggested that the local environmental protection department should be authorized in the revision of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law to implement “simple procedures†for motor vehicle environmental violations and achieve rapid on-site law enforcement punishment.
Third, non-road mobile machinery supervision is difficult.
Non-road mobile machinery (ie construction machinery) emissions is the second largest diesel engine emission source after heavy diesel. Although the country has issued relevant emission standards, it is basically out of control due to the lack of “front-end supervisionâ€.
Li Kunsheng said that construction machinery does not need to be registered, and there is no road inspection and annual inspection of similar motor vehicles. Due to the construction period of the construction site, most of them are short-term leases. It is difficult to establish a ledger and it is difficult to manage.
He suggested that the Ministry of Environmental Protection issue a non-road mobile machinery emission compliance announcement, not allowing sales for unqualified models, setting up corresponding penalties, and supervising law enforcement by local environmental protection departments, forcing smoky machinery, forcing owners to install "particle traps" "(DPF).
Fourth, there is still a gap in the standard of automotive oil products.
The oil product upgrade can realize the efficiency improvement of all the vehicle emission purification systems, and ensure that the motor vehicles that meet the discharge standards of the corresponding stage meet the standard discharge in the specified endurance mileage, and all the links in the product oil storage and transportation can reduce the harmful gas emissions such as VOCs.
Li Mengliang, chief expert of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, said that the current sulfur content of gasoline and diesel for vehicles in China is completely in line with European standards, which can realize the normal operation of motor vehicle purifiers. However, gasoline, olefins, aromatics, vapor pressure, and distillation range are equal to the gap between gasoline and gasoline in Europe and America. High olefins cause nozzle deposits to form and increase PM particulate matter emissions; high aromatics, resulting in increased PM/PN/CO/THC emissions; low steam pressure in winter, difficult to start cold, high vapor pressure in summer, and elevated VOCs during evaporation; The higher the distillation range, the more heavy components that are not easily evaporated in the fuel, and the PM and THC are easily formed.
Li Mengliang said that China's diesel benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fuel density, etc. are also far from the European and American fuel indicators. Benzene is carcinogenic, and it is difficult to completely burn and will directly discharge the atmosphere; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are high, resulting in increased PM emissions in the exhaust gas; low fuel density and increased fuel consumption.
A number of interviewees pointed out that China's oil standards are set by enterprises, and it is inevitable to give priority to corporate interests. The lag and backwardness of national vehicle oil standards have forced motor vehicle emission standards to be postponed several times. The law was revised to take the lead in the environmental protection department, and it will organize the development of vehicle oil standards with other departments.
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