Amphibious warfare has long played a crucial role in military history. The Normandy invasion during World War II marked the first major peak in amphibious operations, drawing significant attention to the development of amphibious warships. Since the 1980s, this field has experienced remarkable growth. Today, amphibious assault ships and dock landing ships are the primary focus of modern naval development. These vessels are larger in size, often exceeding 10,000 tons, and are designed for multi-purpose use with enhanced offensive and defensive capabilities.
After the Cold War, as navies shifted toward "from sea to land" strategies, the U.S. emphasized the development of amphibious assault ships under the "forward presence" doctrine. This trend led many countries to build new generations of amphibious warships. The U.S. introduced the San Antonio-class dock landing ships, while the UK developed the Albion-class assault ships and the Bay-class dock landing ships. France launched the Mistral-class, and even the Netherlands, a smaller NATO member, built the Rotterdam-class multi-role dock landing ship. Japan also constructed a large amphibious assault ship under the guise of a transport vessel. These developments highlight the growing importance of amphibious capabilities in global naval strategy.
The construction of these new-generation ships typically ranges between 15,000 to 20,000 tons, making them essential assets for future amphibious operations. While fully decked amphibious assault ships are expensive and not feasible for every nation, the modern multi-purpose dock landing ships have proven to be versatile. Equipped with hangars, helicopter decks, and advanced command systems, they can perform roles similar to amphibious assault ships and even act as command platforms. As a result, dock landing ships are becoming the backbone of amphibious warfare.
China's amphibious fleet began modestly when the People’s Navy was founded in 1949. Initially, its amphibious combat forces were weak. In the early 1950s, the Naval Infantry was established, forming five Marine divisions and two amphibious tank regiments by 1952. However, the development of amphibious transport vehicles stagnated for years. By the mid-1950s, China started producing small landing crafts, marking the beginning of its amphibious shipbuilding efforts.
In 1955, the Type 066 Yuzhai-class amphibious landing craft was designed and built, followed by the Type 363A. These early models had limited production. In 1964, the Type 067 Yunan-class was introduced, capable of carrying one main battle tank or two armored vehicles. It served as a key amphibious transport until the late 1990s. Subsequent designs like the Type 068/069 Yuqing-class improved capacity, carrying over 150 troops per vessel.
By the 1980s, China had developed more advanced landing ships, such as the Type 074 Yuhai-class, which featured a non-flat bottom design and greater speed. The 1990s saw further improvements, including the 074 modified version with increased displacement and better performance. These vessels became essential for coastal defense and short-range amphibious operations.
In the 1970s, the People’s Navy proposed the development of the 072 Yukang-class amphibious landing ship, designed to carry 250 Marines and two tanks. Seven ships were built, serving as a vital part of the navy’s amphibious capability. Later, the 072II Yuting-class was introduced, featuring a helicopter deck and improved endurance. These ships significantly enhanced China’s ability to conduct long-range amphibious operations.
Today, China continues to invest in amphibious capabilities, building more advanced and versatile ships that reflect its growing naval ambitions. The evolution of its amphibious fleet demonstrates a strategic shift toward power projection and regional influence.
Defoaming Agent
A defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids. The terms anti-foam agent and defoamer are often used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, defoamers eliminate existing foam and anti-foamers prevent the formation of further foam. Commonly used agents are insoluble oils, polydimethylsiloxanes and other silicones, certain alcohols, stearates and glycols. The additive is used to prevent formation of foam or is added to break a foam already formed.
Defoaming Agent,Natural Anti Foaming Agent,Natural Defoaming Agent,Silicon Antifoaming Agent
Liaoning Kelong Fine Chemical Co.Ltd. , https://www.kelongchemy.com