Popularizing scientific fertilization is the top priority fertilizer expert Fu Jianhe put forward five suggestions
In the total investment of farmers, fertilizer input accounts for 48% to 55%, so using scientific fertilization to increase fertilizer utilization is an important measure to achieve cost-effective agriculture, and it must arouse the attention of farmers and agriculture-related departments. '' Fu Jianhe, an extension researcher at Heilongjiang Fertilizer Management Station, said in an interview with reporters. He called for vigorous promotion of scientific fertilization as an important measure to promote agriculture and enrich the people.
According to reports, the utilization rate of fertilizers in rural areas is only about 30%. Only Heilongjiang Province's rural areas lose about 200,000 tons of fertilizer each year because they do not understand scientific fertilization. The scientific fertilization can increase the fertilizer utilization rate by 3 to 5 percentage points, and can increase the efficiency by 30 yuan per mu. Fu Jianhe proposed five suggestions for promoting scientific fertilization in light of the current status of agriculture.
First, accelerating the industrialization of organic fertilizers is the basic work for achieving quality improvement and cost-saving. Fu Jianhe believes that there are still some problems that cannot be ignored in fertilizer input: the ratio of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer is irrational, and the formula of chemical fertilizer is irrational, resulting in a decline in the quality of agricultural products. This is in contrast to the development of quality-efficient agriculture and the production of green foods. Adaptation; organic fertilizer production methods are seriously behind, and almost remain in the original state, which is extremely incompatible with the development of modern agriculture; too little organic fertilizer, cultivated land maintenance and fertilizer protection, and ecological agriculture and agricultural sustainable development is not phase adapt. In the future, modern biotechnology and low-cost and simple equipment should be used to improve the traditional manure fertilization methods, change the past 'potholes, circle', excessive rot, excessive nutrient loss, and poor production environment. . To adopt the method of compound nutrient modulation of human and animal manure (crop stalks) - biological agents - aerobic fermentation - nutrients, and gradually implement the professional production of organic fertilizers, commercialized sales, industrialized operations, to meet the cultivated land cultivation, development Ecological agriculture, the need to produce green food.
The second is to carry out balanced fertilization to increase the utilization of chemical fertilizers. Fu Jianhe explained that the so-called balanced fertilization technique, namely soil testing and formula fertilization, is based on the principle of ''wood barrel effect'' (minimum nutrient rate), which is an irreplaceable nutrient element required for crop growth, and organically combines fertilizer input and cultivation techniques. With high-tech agricultural practical technology. Balanced fertilization has three major advantages: it can increase crop yields with equal or less fertilizer input, and it can increase yield, improve quality, and increase efficiency; it can increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers; it has huge economic and social benefits; it can prevent groundwater from being nitric acid. Salt pollution, improve the quality of environmental protection, have a positive effect on the development of ecological agriculture and green food production.
The third is to organize in-depth services and establish a scientific fertilization service system for testing, distribution, production, and supply. Fu Jianhe analyzed from the perspective of technical implementation that the current balanced fertilization work has not completely solved the problems of formula and fertilization. Currently, there are only two or three formulas in each county, and the coverage of each formula is too large. . Many years of production practice have proved that to promote this technology, we must establish and improve a unified soil testing, a unified formula, a unified supply of fertilizer, the implementation of a unified social service system, the establishment of a balanced fertilization technology demonstration base. Since 2004, Heilongjiang Province Fertilizer Management Station has taken the lead to establish the Heilongjiang Province Balanced Fertilization Technology Industry Collaboration Network. In the past two years, 32 counties (cities) have been selected as demonstration bases (cities) for the Balanced Fertilizer Cooperation Network, and 15 counties have been started. The laboratory of the Agro-technical Promotion Center is a fixed-laboratory laboratory of the cooperative network, and experts from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Northeast Agricultural University are invited to form an expert advisory group. Some fertilizer manufacturers are selected as designated production bases for the collaborative network, so that the balanced fertilization work is more operational. Sex. Last year, the actual soil testing area reached 1.5 million mu, and 37,000 soil samples were collected and tested. Twenty formulas for fertilizers were formulated and 12,000 tons of formula fertilizer was uniformly supplied. Practice has proved that the establishment of a collaborative network is an effective means to promote balanced fertilization, enabling balanced fertilization work to gradually develop in the direction of solid type and industrialization, and changing the past's unpredictable sampling, unmatched soil testing or formulation without fertilizer '' Phenomenon, increased fertilizer utilization, reduced production costs, welcomed by the majority of farmers.
The fourth is to widely promote fertilization techniques to improve farmers' scientific farming levels. The training and guidance of farmers to master scientific fertilization techniques, change of empirical fertilization to formula fertilization, and the introduction of deep-seated cultivation before planting and mixing, can significantly reduce the fertilizer loss rate. The main scientific fertilization techniques are: autumn planting techniques - when the flat is turned to the ground, the fertilizer is spread on the surface evenly and then turned to the ground 12 to 15 centimeters on the day. When the ridge is turned over, the chemical fertilizer is applied to the original furrow before ridging. , And then the ridge-clamping fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is concentrated in the ridge, the best fertilizer and organic fertilization in autumn with the application; fertilizer deep application technology - dryland combined with mechanical soil preparation will be applied to 10 cm or less, when fertilizer With the use of topdressers, paddy fields should gradually promote the deep-fertilizing techniques of mechanical transplanting; irrigation and fertilization techniques -- fertilizer utilization is closely related to soil moisture. In the rural areas in the western part of Heilongjiang Province, corn has the habit of sitting on water and it is necessary to promote the use of fertilization technology. , Conditional plots can be combined with sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation with nitrogen fertilizer, and fertilizer technology.
The fifth is to strengthen fertilizer management. First, we must effectively strengthen the management and demonstration of new fertilizers. According to the requirements and regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture on fertilizer management, further stricter tests, demonstrations and promotion of fertilizer products are registered, and unregistered fertilizers must not be promoted. Second, we must increase fertilizer advertising management. According to the principle of 'counterfeiting, assisting, protecting agriculture, and ensuring good harvest', the fertilizer advertisements are strictly managed. Each fertilizer advertisement must be carefully reviewed by the provincial soil and fertilizer management station. Once it is found, there is no fertilizer advertisement that is not approved or is inconsistent with the contents of the approval. Correcting the upper limit of the horse to prevent misleading farmers. Third, we must accelerate the pace of fertilizer legislation. On the basis of further investigation and demonstration, all localities should issue the Regulations on Fertilizer Management as soon as possible, striving to incorporate fertilizer management into the legalization track so that scientific fertilization can be followed, and pit farmers can be prevented from happening.
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