**1 Introduction**
Hard and brittle materials are those that exhibit high hardness and low ductility, typically non-conductive or semi-conductive in nature. Examples include stone, glass, silicon crystals, quartz, hard alloys, and ceramics. As technology and industry advance, the application of these materials continues to expand, and so does the need for efficient processing techniques. Among various methods used to process such materials, cutting plays a crucial role. For instance, in the production of decorative stone panels and precision rock components, sawing is often the first step, accounting for over 50% of the total processing cost. Diamond tools are widely used for this purpose due to their exceptional hardness and durability, making them ideal for cutting tough materials like stone. Their superior properties ensure long-lasting performance and broad application potential in the field of hard and brittle material processing.
The primary methods for cutting hard and brittle materials using diamond tools include circular saw blades, diamond band saws, frame saws, and bead saws. While each technique has its own specific use cases, they all share similar cutting and wear mechanisms. Since rock cutting is one of the most common applications of diamond tools, understanding the underlying mechanisms—such as the interaction between the tool and the material, as well as the wear behavior of the diamond—is essential for optimizing tool design and usage. Researchers worldwide have extensively studied the mechanics of diamond tool sawing, focusing on granite and other rock types. These studies have helped develop more effective cutting strategies and improve the efficiency of processing operations.
**2 The Mechanism of Diamond Cutting in Stone**
Diamond abrasives are typically manufactured into cutting tools through sintering or electroplating. The cutting process of diamond tools is somewhat similar to grinding, but it differs significantly from metal cutting due to the unique properties of hard and brittle materials. Over time, researchers have explored various approaches to understand how diamond tools interact with rocks. Early studies focused on the behavior of single diamond particles during cutting, revealing that brittle fracture is the main failure mode in granite under different conditions. However, depending on the mineral composition, some plastic deformation can also occur.
Modern machining processes require higher precision and efficiency, which means that traditional hand-made tools are no longer sufficient. Today’s end-users demand tools that offer greater accuracy and better performance. This shift has led to the development of advanced machine tools designed to meet these rising expectations. For example, CNC tool grinders are now commonly used to ensure precise control over tool runout, geometry, and stability, allowing for faster and more efficient cutting operations.
In our experience, customers often ask why they should choose Walter’s CNC tool grinders. The answer lies in the evolving demands of modern manufacturing. As industries push for higher precision, tools must be optimized not only in design but also in performance. By using high-quality grinders, users can achieve consistent results, reduce downtime, and enhance overall productivity.
Moreover, the trend toward multi-functional and composite tools has become increasingly important. These tools allow for multiple operations in a single setup, reducing the number of tool changes and improving efficiency. Companies like Walter have responded by developing versatile tool packages tailored to a wide range of applications, including aerospace, metallurgy, mold making, and turbine manufacturing.
With strong technical support and continuous innovation, Walter Machine Tool remains committed to meeting the needs of both customers and the market. By integrating advanced technology with reliable service, we help businesses move beyond simple tool sales and adopt comprehensive processing solutions that maximize efficiency and profitability.
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