Excerpts from usda.fema.gov:
Firefighters face a unique set of mental health challenges, not just from one major traumatic event, but from repeated exposure to distressing situations over time. This article highlights the findings of a key study1 that explores the long-term psychological effects of repeated trauma on those who serve in the fire service. While the number of fires has decreased in recent years, firefighters are now more frequently involved in emergency medical services, search and rescue operations, hazardous material incidents, and disaster response. These roles expose them to a wide range of emotionally taxing scenarios—often close to home, on highways, or within their own communities. The cumulative effect of repeatedly witnessing suffering, loss, and human pain is known as Repeated Exposure Trauma (RET). Unlike PTSD, which is typically linked to a single traumatic incident, RET reflects the ongoing strain of constant exposure to trauma. Previous research has shown that firefighters experience higher rates of depression, alcohol use, and secondary trauma compared to the general population. Many suffer from symptoms like sleep disturbances, emotional numbness, and feelings of helplessness—even if they aren’t formally diagnosed with PTSD.Key Findings from Earlier Research
- Firefighters and emergency medical personnel report higher rates of depression than the general public.
- Alcohol use and binge drinking are more common among firefighters, possibly linked to coping mechanisms for stress and trauma.
- Many experience compassion fatigue or secondary trauma due to repeated exposure to others’ suffering, even without meeting full PTSD criteria.
What This Study Reveals
Firefighting and Mental Health: Experiences of Repeated Exposure to Trauma
- Most firefighters experience greater mental health impacts from multiple traumatic events rather than a single one.
- Symptoms of RET often include emotional desensitization, irritability, cynicism, and intrusive memories.
- Some firefighters develop effective coping strategies to manage their emotions—further research is needed to understand these protective factors and build resilience.
This study emphasizes the need for better mental health support tailored to the unique experiences of firefighters. The full article can be accessed through our library by contacting us directly. Readers may also find it through their local library or the publisher’s website.
1 Jahnke, S. A., Poston, W. S., Haddock, C. K., & Murphy, B. (2016). Firefighting and mental health: Experiences of repeated exposure to trauma. *Work*, 53(4), 737–744. doi:10.3233/wor-162255
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