Analysis of the Causes Affecting the Safety Development of Coal Mines and Countermeasures
Coal mine production safety accident-prone, has been troubled by the development of coal mine enterprise security is a major problem. Over the years, due to the implementation of the planned economic system of state-owned coal mines, in order to achieve a smooth transition from the planned economic system to the reform of the market economic system, coal still implements planned prices and guide prices, which makes coal mining enterprises, especially large state-owned coal mines, from the last century 20 From 2003 to 2003, most of the coal mines are still alive, the safety investment is insufficient, the production cannot be developed, and the safety situation has not been greatly improved. The number of deaths per year is thousands, which has adversely affected the international and social sectors. In the case of losses in the coal industry, we will bear the burden of humiliation and bear the heavy responsibility of economic system reform. In recent years, the party and state leaders have attached great importance to coal mine safety work, set aside billions of dollars each year funds from the state finance for coal mine safety management, make great efforts to solve the problems left over by history, so do mine safety development. How to solve the safety problems in coal mine production, realize the safety development of coal mines, realize the long-term stability of coal mine safety production, enable coal mine enterprises to achieve safe development, and keep up with the pace of national reform and development. It is the coal industry authorities and coal mine managers that need to seriously analyze and study. An important issue to solve.
2 Analysis of the reasons affecting the safety development of coal mines
2.1 The coal mines under the planned economic system are excessive to the market economic system, and the state is not enough to support the coal mines in terms of policies. The coal mine enters the market and implements the dual-track system. If the enterprise benefits the country, the coal price is still controlled by the state, causing the cost of the coal mine enterprise to be higher than the selling price, resulting in serious losses. The wages of the employees will decrease year by year and the production input will decrease year by year. It is impossible to guarantee the maintenance of simple reproduction and maintain survival. The problem, most coal mines have gradually declined from the late 1980s. Therefore, coal mining enterprises, especially large state-owned coal enterprises, are contributors to the reform of China's market economic system and have played a decisive role in laying the cornerstone of the national economy. These reasons have also laid a major hidden danger to the safety and development of coal mines.
2.2 The first-line engineering and technical personnel of coal mine production are seriously lacking. Some coal mines have not graduated from colleges and universities for more than ten years. The main reasons are hardship, low income, low social status and low safety guarantee factor. In the past few years, due to the poor coal market, most of the mining colleges have cancelled the mining engineering profession. Due to the poor distribution of mining college graduates, individuals are reluctant to go. The state spent hundreds of thousands of yuan to train a college student, and the family spent more than 100,000 yuan to train a college student. Due to the sluggish coal mines in the past few years, the graduates switched jobs. The high investment of the state and the family to the coal mines has become a low return, which is not in line with the laws of the market economy. The reluctance of colleges and universities to recruit students and enterprises is in line with the laws of the market economy. High investment requires high output, which is in line with the market economy. law.
2.3 Coal mine safety technology and EQUIPMENT are backward. Most of the national large and medium-sized coal mines were built before the liberation and in the 1950s and 1960s, and could not keep up with the requirements of current safety development and technological progress. For example, some mines are congenitally deficient, there is no cage over-rolling, over-displacement distance, lifting wells and wind shafts have been finalized, and the downhole roadway sections are shaped accordingly. The regulations of the standard are only solved by technical transformation for the old mines. However, due to the sluggish coal mines in the past few years, coal mine survival has become a problem, and technological transformation has no funds, so it has not kept up with safety development and technological progress. After the coal mine enters the market, it is necessary to solve the above-mentioned problems left by the state under the planned economy, which cannot be solved by the coal mining enterprises themselves. Regarding equipment problems, large-scale coal mine equipment generally takes decades or hundreds of years, and small equipment also takes more than ten years. The government or the competent department has a stipulation that it is impossible to solve the problems of these historical legacy equipment in a short period of time. It is impossible to realize from the aspects of capital, personnel and enterprise production and management of coal mining enterprises themselves. For example, the mining equipment for mining is 62,284 sets. From the National Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau issued the No. 108 document in 2001, since the implementation of the coal safety mark management, the company has opened up a large force to update the mining equipment, but there are still 30048 sets of equipment. Need to be updated, accounting for 48.29% of the total number of equipment. The replacement of these equipment does not involve technical conditions, objective environment, personnel resettlement and income. The capital investment will cost more than 3 billion yuan, not including the replacement of large fixed equipment.
2.4 In the 1980s, the country released the mining rights of coal, encouraged collectives and individual coal mines, resulting in disorderly competition in the coal industry, allowing state-owned enterprises to carry heavy burdens and small coal mines, which aggravated the loss of state-owned coal enterprises and the business situation was not good. According to the investigation of state-owned key coal mine safety accounts in 2004, the debts amounted to more than 50 billion yuan. At present, these debts are still to be repaid. If coal is maintained in the current situation, it will take 5-10 years with the support of national policies. time.
2.5 The safety management of the coal industry was out of control. In 1998, the State Council carried out institutional reforms and handed over the functions of comprehensive production safety management, occupational safety supervision, and mine safety supervision that were originally undertaken by the Ministry of Labor to the Safety Production Bureau of the State Economic and Trade Commission for unified management. In 1999, the State Council added a National Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau to assume the coal mine safety supervision function under the responsibility of the Safety Production Bureau of the State Economic and Trade Commission. In December 2000, the State Council decided to set up the State Administration of Work Safety on the basis of the Safety Production Bureau of the State Economic and Trade Commission, and co-located with the National Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau, two brands and one institution. The work related to coal mine safety supervision is still carried out by the National Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau. However, with the changes of the state management institutions, most of the provincial coal industry management functions have disappeared. The provincial coal mine safety supervision bureaus on behalf of the state carry out safety supervision on coal mining enterprises. From the aspect of industry management, no provinces and institutions manage coal mines. Only rely on coal mine self-discipline behavior to manage safety work. Up to now, most provinces do not have the competent authorities of the coal mining industry. Some major projects and safety technical reforms involving coal mines that have been approved by the higher authorities have not been checked, which is very unfavorable for coal mine safety management and safety development.
2.6 Coal mine safety supervision work will not be implemented. In 1999, the State established the Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau, and the coal-producing provinces also set up provincial coal mine safety supervision bureaus. The municipal coal mine supervision offices were established in each city, forming a national coal mine safety supervision system from top to bottom. The national bureau was vertically unified and independent. Law enforcement of coal mine safety supervision work has no administrative affiliation with local governments. Such a system is applicable in the legal society of developed countries in the West, but in the primary stage of socialism in China, the traditional habits of the planned economy are still deeply ingrained, leaving the local government to do nothing. Therefore, coal mine safety supervision work is difficult to implement effectively. From the analysis of major accidents that have occurred recently, there have been problems in the safety supervision of the coal mine safety supervision department to suspend production and rectification, and the instructions have not been implemented.
2.7 The quality of coal mine personnel is low. From the management's point of view, a coal mine has not entered the graduates of colleges and universities for more than ten years, and the engineering and technical personnel are not replenished; from the technical workers, the technical schools of the coal mines have no shrinkage or closure of the source schools, and the technical workers are not supplemented. From the first-line workers in mining, most of the current coal mining workers use short-term migrant workers. One has just put down the hoe. After a short training, they immediately go underground to dig coal. It is conceivable that workers of such quality can make the coal mine develop safely?
3 Countermeasures for coal mine safety development
Since the 28th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on November 7, 1992, the President of the State Council, Yang Shangkun issued the Order No. 65, promulgating the "Ministry of Mines Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and promulgating the "People's Republic of China" in 2002. The Safe Production Law, the state has formed a relatively complete system of safety production laws and regulations. With the establishment and improvement of the national safety production laws and regulations system, coal mine safety production has shown a trend of improvement year by year. However, to solve the problem of safe development of coal mines, I believe that the key is to implement the safety production laws and regulations, the safety and technical quality of personnel, and to solve the congenital problems and investment problems left by the history of coal mines. The following aspects should be taken.
3.1 Implement safety development and scientific development concept in coal mine safety production management. The implementation of the people-oriented safety management concept will ensure the life and health of people as the starting point and the foothold of safety production, so as to achieve the safe development of coal mining enterprises. The first is education and training to improve the safety and technical quality of workers. Strengthen publicity and education work, popularize safety common sense, and improve the safety legal awareness and safety and technical quality of coal mine employees. Leading cadres at all levels must follow the "three represents" important thinking requirements, establish a "people-oriented" management philosophy, implement the "safety first, prevention-oriented" safety production policy, and always put the safety of employees' lives and property in the first place. Coal mine safety is an eternal theme, so that the alarm bells will be long-lived, and the peace of mind will be in jeopardy.
3.2 Full implementation of the "Safe Production Law" and industry norms. The State shall further improve the supporting laws, regulations, rules and safety standards of the "Safe Production Law". Coal mining enterprises shall establish and improve safety production rules and regulations in accordance with the actual conditions, and gradually form a safety management system that is compatible with coal mine enterprises and safety production laws and regulations. In order to standardize the management and operation behavior of enterprises and employees, there are rules to follow, rules to follow, and violations to be correct, reflecting the seriousness and authority of safety supervision, so that the concept of "safety first" is truly implemented. In the daily production process of coal mines.
3.3 Implement safety production responsibilities at all levels. The enterprise is the responsible body of safety management. The legal representative of the enterprise and the principal person in charge of the enterprise are the first responsible persons for safe production. The Safety Production Law clearly stipulates that enterprises are responsible for formulating and perfecting the responsibility system for production safety, improving the rules and regulations of enterprises, controlling major hidden dangers of production safety, and ensuring the safety of development plans and new projects. Governments at all levels are the main body of supervision and management of production safety. It is necessary to effectively implement the supervision responsibilities of local governments and industry authorities. It is necessary to further establish and improve industry management institutions, enrich professional and technical personnel, and cooperate with local government supervision departments. Coordinating linkages to solve the current problem of inconsistency between state supervision and local government supervision, and monitoring work cannot be implemented well. It is necessary to establish an accountability system for safety production at all levels, strictly implement the system of accountability for production safety, and ensure the implementation of safety responsibilities.
3.4 Implementing science and technology to achieve safe development. Coal mine safety management should go beyond the misunderstanding of traditional management. Traditional management is experience and post-event management, and it has not adapted to modern coal mine safety management. In order to achieve the safe development of coal mines, it must be supported by safety technology. This is a proven theory of developed countries in the West, to achieve safe development, and science and technology is the key. Coal mining enterprises should vigorously adopt advanced and practical safety production technology and organize research and development of safety production technology. It is necessary to actively organize major safety and technical research, such as coal and gas outburst, impact ground pressure, mine water pollution and other major safety technology research, formulate industry safety technical standards and norms, and strive to improve the safety production technology level and disaster prevention and resilience of coal mine enterprises. The key to the development of science and technology is talents. The state must invest a certain amount of funds to establish mining engineering colleges. Some qualified coal enterprises should establish or fund institutions to train mining engineering graduates and operational workers to train reserve talents for coal mines.
3.5 Increase coal mine safety investment and solve the history of coal mine debts. Use advanced technology, technology and equipment to achieve safe development. Since 2003, the country has spent billions of dollars every year to solve the problem of gas control and equipment in state-owned coal mines. This method is very good. The state will focus on solving state-owned key coal mines. Local state-owned coal mines and township coal mines in various provinces and cities shall, in accordance with their affiliation, be responsible for implementing the safety and technical reform of coal mines in accordance with the authority of coal mine management. This work has to be carried out consistently because of its wide coverage, large investment, and high technical requirements. In particular, it is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity of the current coal market. After several years of efforts, these coal mines will first meet the safety standards and lay a solid foundation for the safe development of coal mines.
3.6 Establish an effective method of safety management to adapt to the market economy. The coal mines will be fully implemented with a safety access system, production licenses, safety licenses, mine qualification certificates, and production and operation access systems to further standardize the mining order. Realize the safe development of coal mine safety management and international advanced safety management. Comprehensively organize coal mining enterprises to carry out ISO9000 quality system certification, ISO14000 environmental protection system certification, OSHMS18000 occupational safety and health management system certification, and comprehensively improve the safety status of coal mining enterprises.
4 Conclusion
With the improvement of the national safety production legal system and the formation of self-discipline mechanisms for coal mine safety production, through the consistent implementation of coal mine safety special rectification work, coal mining enterprises under the guidance and support of national macroeconomic policies, many problems affecting the safe development of coal mines must be Will be resolved to achieve the safe development of coal mining enterprises.
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