Million kilowatt nuclear power turbine generator set selection

Dongfang Electric commented on the selection of a million-kilowatt-class nuclear power steam turbine generator set. China Dongfang Electric Group Corporation i.

1 Introduction Guangdong Daya Bay 2,10001 Jia Nuclear Power Plant is China's first million kilowatt nuclear power plant. It uses the nuclear reactor of France Famatong Company. Alstom's full-speed steam turbine generator set has achieved good operation since it was put into operation in 1994. Performance and economic benefits. The Lingao 2,1000 stomach nuclear power plant, which was built next to the Daya Bay nuclear power plant in 1995, is basically a replica of the Daya Bay nuclear power plant. Its steam turbine generator set still uses Alstom's million-kilowatt full-speed unit. At present, Guangdong is actively preparing for the follow-up nuclear power project Lingkan period 21000 nuclear power plant and Guangzhou Nuclear Power 6,1000 nuclear power plant, and to carry out research work to improve the efficiency of Lingao full-speed nuclear steam turbine generator set and switch to half-speed steam turbine generator set. This paper intends to analyze the development trend of foreign nuclear power turbine generator sets, the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the full-speed unit and the half-speed unit, and the difficulty of localization to briefly explain what kind of steam turbine generator set should be selected in the next stage of the million-kilowatt nuclear power plant in Guangdong. Suitable.

2 Development trend of foreign nuclear power turbine generator sets According to statistics, the world's early nuclear power generating units have smaller children, and most of them use full-speed units. At present, the capacity of nuclear power units is generally more than one million kilowatts, and half-speed units are used.

The total capacity of Taiwan nuclear power turbine generator sets reached 104,400 stomachs, of which the single unit capacity is 600, and the following four units with power of 985 are used in the Yawan and Ling'ao nuclear power plants; the single unit capacity is above 1200, and Siemens has produced 3 units so far. The total capacity of Taiwan nuclear power turbine generator sets reached 34,144 stomachs, of which 3 units with single unit capacity below 6001 Jia, all of which are full speed units; 9 units with single unit capacity between 600 and 99, and 4 units with full speed 杌 group 5 sets of half-speed units, the largest full-speed unit is a unit with a power of 1061 for the lamp nuclear power plant that was ordered for use in 1975, and a unit with a capacity of more than 1200 for a single unit, all of which are half-speed units. From the rapid development of Siemens thermal power and nuclear power plant units, the power of the thermal power and nuclear power full-speed unit has stagnated after reaching a million kilowatts in 1978, while the higher-power nuclear power half-speed unit has been greatly developed. .

The development of nuclear steam turbine generator sets of world famous companies such as Westinghouse Electric Co., Ltd., Japan Hitachi, etc. is also the same as that of 10 elbow and Siemens.

After the power of the full-speed unit reaches about one million kilowatts, it will not continue to increase, mainly due to the limitation of materials.

We know that the large children's unit needs a large exhaust area to match it, otherwise the steam turbine efficiency is lower, and an effective way to increase the steam exhaust area is to use a longer final stage blade, which is to increase the number of low pressure cylinders. At present, the world's investors use the company's final stage blades for the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant and the Lingao Nuclear Power Plant's turbine head 945. The power of the Daya Bay and Ling Ao nuclear steam turbines is tens of thousands of kilowatts, and the number of low pressure cylinders is already three. If it is to improve and increase the power to or exceed 1.2 million kW, at least four low pressure cylinders are required. This will not only bring a series of questions to the stability of the shafting of the unit, but also increase the cost of the turbine. Therefore, it is inevitable that most of the world's nuclear power units with a power of one million kilowatts will use a half-speed unit. However, this does not mean that the large-capacity nuclear power full-speed machine is unsafe or goes to the end. In fact, many famous big companies in the world are actively developing longer final blades to increase the capacity of the full-speed unit. The development of long blades for full-speed thermal power units has made great progress. For example, Ding 0 elbow company adopts 1.36, 1 long final stage blade double low pressure cylinder exhaust steam million kilowatt thermal power unit development work has been completed, waiting for users to order production . In a sense, the technical level of large-capacity full-speed units can better reflect the development level of steam turbines.

3 The possibility of improving the efficiency of the 985 Jia full-speed unit of the Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant The Ling Ao Nuclear Turbine Generator Set 1 is a replica of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. It is the largest single-capacity nuclear power full-speed unit designed by the former GECALSlX3M Company. Its steam turbine consists of one double. It is composed of exhaust steam high pressure cylinder and three standard double exhaust steam low pressure cylinders. All rotors are forged rotors. The final stage blade length is 945 and the running speed is 3000.

When the cooling water temperature is 33 ft, the rated output power of the unit is 900. The maximum continuous output power at the cooling water temperature is 928.9 divisions, which is 3.31 than the rated output power; when the cooling water temperature is at the average water temperature of the Daya Bay power plant, The maximum continuous output power of the unit is 983.8MW, and the output margin is not left. D 3.1 The main method for improving the efficiency of the cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder is to reduce the secondary flow loss of the steam in the cylinder. The high-pressure cylinder of the Ling Ao nuclear steam turbine adopts 5 moving blades. The steaming angle of the blade is very advanced, and the secondary flow loss caused by it is relatively small. The internal efficiency of the low-pressure cylinder reaches 89.6 when the back pressure is 0.00750, which has reached or is close to the internal efficiency of the low-pressure cylinder of the same-class wood motor unit.

For example, the internal efficiency of the Hitachi 600 thermal power unit using the 33.5-inch final-stage vane low-pressure cylinder is 89.6. The internal efficiency of the 40-inch final-stage vane low-pressure cylinder is 91; the 0-600 gas-fired electric unit adopts the internal efficiency of the 40-inch final-stage vane low-pressure cylinder. For 90.77. Of course, if you adopt people, the latest development of the moving blade and the stationary blade of the company will improve the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder, but the loss is unrealistic.

3.3 back pressure, 0.0075 back pressure is the best backlash of the unit to continue to reduce back pressure to improve efficiency is not impregnated plant steam pressure xlOPk condensing cooling water inlet water, from the above analysis can be seen, Lingao unit efficiency It is very high in the specific model of the full-speed unit. It can be seen from the good operating performance of the Daya Bay nuclear power plant that it is an outstanding generation in the nuclear power full-speed machine. If the funds permit, appropriate improvements can be made to improve efficiency, but the effect of the improvement is very limited.

4 Localization of Lingao Million Kilowatt Full Speed ​​Machine The Lingao Million Kilowatt Full Speed ​​Nuclear Turbine Generator Set is a replica of Daya Bay Nuclear Turbine Generator Set, but it has realized the localization of some equipment or components.

The main contents of steam turbine localization include the manufacture of low-pressure inner and outer cylinders, the manufacture of low-pressure 45-stage separators, the assembly of low-pressure modules, the assembly and experiment of high-pressure cylinder processing and surfacing, the processing and assembly of high and low pressure valves, and the processing of bearing housings. Assembly and experiment, the main will not increase much, it is impossible to reach 2, because of their rate, the main method is to change the structure of the cylinder, such as changing the dual-flow high-pressure cylinder to a single-flow high-pressure cylinder, changing the position of reheat steam into the cylinder, etc. . But this requires big children to invest in many experiments and make major changes to the original design. Whether this can be done depends on the comprehensive economic analysis of specific projects.

3.2 Exhaust gas loss An effective way to reduce the exhaust loss is to use longer final blades to increase the exhaust area. The 945 final stage blade is the longest last stage blade used by ALSTOM in its full-speed nuclear power turbine. It is also used in many parts of the world and has a considerable successful operation. The last stage blade is a very important part of the steam turbine. The development of the last-stage blades requires a lot of money, and the nuclear steam turbines that must be designed by a large number of famous companies before they are officially put into use are very conservative when using the new final-stage blades. For example, in the 1960s, Siemens developed the length of the investment operation in 1971, which was 1.32, 1 without any change. The 1000 1300 stomach-grade nuclear power unit used the same final stage blade. ALSTOM is no exception. After successfully developing the 945 final stage blades for full-speed nuclear steam turbines and operating well, the final stage blades were used directly on multiple units. Although the length of the last stage blades currently used in thermal power units has generally reached 41 inches, and some have even reached 43 inches from 510, the latest development of the thermal power unit to be used for the final stage is 1.36 and the thermal power unit. The parameters of the low pressure cylinder are almost the same as those of the nuclear power unit low pressure cylinder. However, the last stage blades of thermal power units cannot be easily used for nuclear power units because their design concept is completely different. The design of nuclear power units requires more consideration of safety factors, and its design is much stricter and more conservative than that of thermal power units. Therefore, it is currently intended to reduce the exhaust of the Lingao unit by using longer final blades. aA fuel tank oil cooler manufacturing, prefabricated parts manufacturing, pipe system manufacturing, etc., the localization ratio has reached 45; the main contents of the generator localization include the No. 2 external unit block and the No. 12 machine light oil and water auxiliary machine system and other equipment Manufacturing, localization ratio reached 15.

Because the construction funds of Ling'ao nuclear power plant mainly come from international financial institutions, the localization rate of its equipment is greatly limited, and the domestically produced proportion that domestic manufacturing enterprises can actually achieve can be expanded a lot. After repeated discussions and research with Ding 0, the company's experts, for the Lingao steam turbine generator unit, the rotor processing of Dongfang Steam Turbine Plant needs to add 1 set for milling longitudinal tree type leaf groove plate bearing without increasing or a small amount of investment. The manufacture of parts and equipment such as box high and low pressure valve bearing blades can be manufactured without adding any equipment; Dongfang Electric Co., Ltd. can also achieve a localization ratio of 80 or more generators in addition to the rotor coil processing needs to be added or modified. The rest of the parts or equipment are processed.

In addition, according to the technology transfer agreement signed by Lingao Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. and Renji 15 101, domestic enterprises can obtain the same design and manufacturing technology of Lingao unit. Therefore, Lingao nuclear steam turbine generator set is fully domesticized in China. It's easier.

Comparison of 5 million kilowatts of semi-speed steam turbines and full-speed steam turbines The semi-rotary speed machine recommended by the sinking company to the Lingao period project is the 1;1000 type unit 3. This model is the 2nd generation nuclear steam turbine of the French company 0. Draw on the first generation of 54 units operating in France. This piece of heart; the valuable experience of the operation of the unit, improved by the removal of one low-pressure cylinder from the 1500-plus humanized 1500 unit.

The steam turbine adopts a single-flow high-medium pressure combined cylinder and two dual-flow low-pressure cylinders. The steam exits the high-pressure cylinder and enters the steam-water separation reheater to reheat. The heated steam enters the medium-pressure cylinder to expand, and then directly enters the low-pressure cylinder. Cylinders are very different from traditional nuclear steam turbines. 4 is the steam flow of the 6000 type unit and the Lingao unit. The structural difference can be seen from the above; all the rotors are welded, the final stage blade length is 1430, and the running speed is 150 when the back pressure is 0.0055 cubits 3 The rated output power of the unit is 1汜7.21 Jia 1000 half-speed unit and Lingao full-speed unit comparison to illustrate the difference between full-speed unit and half-speed unit. 5.1 half-speed unit has the potential to increase output. The output of the 1000-type unit is 0.0055 cubits in the back pressure. The corresponding ambient temperature is 23, which is more than that of the Lingao unit. 7. According to the information provided by the company 151, the company welcomes 6 The output of the 1000-type unit increased mainly by 74.212, which increased by 58 compared with the 46.9 of the Lingao full-speed engine. The exhaust speed was 2503, which was reduced by 17 compared with the Lingao full-speed machine. The loss of the residual speed was greatly reduced, and the output was relatively reduced. 3.5.

The back pressure of the 1000 unit was reduced from 0.0075 cubits 3 to 0.00553, which increased the output by 1.5. The 6-core 000-type unit is improved by high-pressure and medium-pressure steam expansion and the exhaust port, and the steam loss is reduced, so that the output is relatively increased.

Compared with Lingao's traditional dual-flow high-pressure cylinder, the secondary flow loss is reduced and the efficiency is improved. The 1000-type unit adopts a single-flow medium-pressure cylinder, so that the steam is directly separated into the medium-pressure cylinder after being separated by the steam-water separation reheater until the steam pressure drops by 3, 3 and then enters the low-pressure cylinder instead of the conventional one. The double-flow low-pressure cylinder expands 5, which also reduces the steam secondary flow loss. The steam line speed from the medium pressure cylinder is very high, and the secondary flow loss is very large. However, the 36 1000 type unit has only two low pressure cylinders, and the blades of the low pressure cylinder can achieve a good line speed ratio of steam, which can reduce the loss of 3 times. . In addition, the human 1; chemical 1000 plastic unit uses a special extraction steam exhauster at the high pressure and medium pressure exhaust ports to reduce the axial flow loss of steam discharged from the high pressure cylinder and the medium pressure cylinder.

5.2 Half-speed unit Adaptable range 0.0075MPa is the best back pressure of Lingao unit. Continued reduction of back pressure does not help much to improve efficiency or increase output. Therefore, the annual average water temperature of Lingao full-speed unit is higher than that of Daya Bay. The efficiency of use in other parts of the country will not improve much. 6 is the heart, 136! The heat loss correction curve can be seen from the fact that when the back pressure is reduced from 0.0055 MPa to 0.0050 MPa, the efficiency can be increased by 0.2, so that the 66 1000 type unit can also be used in colder areas. In fact, its thermal power transmission can reach 5, out, back pressure can be reduced to 3 to 8, and the thermal power output of Lingao unit can only reach 2900 stomach out, and the back pressure is not less than 7.5.

5.3 The size and weight of the main components of the heavy-duty unit of the Dalingao unit.

5.4 The localization of the half-speed unit is difficult. The technicians of Dongqi and Dongdian and the company 1 have conducted extensive and in-depth research on the localization of the 1000 unit. The result is that the steam turbine is properly increased in the case of processing equipment. The localization ratio of the generator can also reach 80, but its investment is more than the localization of the full-speed unit.

5.5 Half-speed unit price is slightly higher than a conventional island to estimate, the installation of six + such as 1000 type unit price is slightly higher. The reason why the price increase is not much is mainly because the cylinders of the following two types of units are much larger than those of the Lingao unit, but with the project Lingao unit 1000 type unit high and medium pressure cylinder upper half size weight high medium internal pressure cylinder upper half size weight high medium and medium pressure Rotor size weight low pressure inner cylinder upper half weight weight low pressure inner cylinder lower half weight weight low pressure outer cylinder upper half size weight low pressure rotor size weight turbine total length generator rotor diameter 1.3 yang, length 6 team 10, 1 diameter about 2, length 16 milk The outer diameter of the 24,1 generator stator is about 5 yang, and the size of the 40,1 injection cylinder is the length, width and height. The low pressure cylinder of the Tianlingao unit is 3, and the low pressure cylinder of the 600 type unit. There are only two, the overall length of the size is only 9, and the number of civil works is slightly increased. See the general arrangement of the 761000 and the Lingao units. The construction cost is slightly increased.

The condenser back pressure of 2ArabeUe00 unit was reduced from 7.513 to 5.5, and the cooling area of ​​the condenser increased greatly. However, the number of condensers and supporting auxiliary machines and extraction systems changed from 3 to 2, and the investment cost increased or decreased. .

by. However, the technical difficulty of the half-speed generator relative to the full-speed generator has not increased, and the price is only slightly higher, which is not the determining factor of the unit selection.

6 Conclusion Lingao full-speed nuclear steam turbine generator set is an outstanding generation in the million-kilowatt full-speed machine. The efficiency has reached a fairly high level. It is easy to localize and has good operating performance. The average annual water temperature in Guangdong is the same. Higher area runs are very suitable. However, it does not invest large capital to develop longer final blades and redesign the overall structure of the steam turbine. The efficiency improvement is difficult to exceed 2. The efficiency is improved in all regions of the country, and the output power can easily be extended to 1500 or even larger. Although the investment is higher, the overall investment has not increased much. Therefore, if the expansion of a million kilowatt nuclear power plant is to be carried out in Lingao in the future, it is a good choice to continue to use the full speed model of the Daya Bay and Lingao nuclear power plants. If a new million-kilowatt nuclear power plant is built in Guangdong or other regions, and considering the development of a larger power nuclear power plant and the construction of a national standard nuclear power plant in the future, it is more appropriate to use a semi-rotary speed unit such as the 661000.

4 Conclusion In the development of China's subcritical 31 evaluation of peaking boilers, according to the current situation of China's current situation of peaking technology requirements, natural circulation boilers and controlled circulation boilers have always been able to meet the needs, a large number of facts at home and abroad Prove this. Since the introduction of the 880 company 300 tear 6001 recognition subcritical control circulating boiler unit design and manufacturing technology in the 1980s, China has designed and manufactured more than 100 3001 boilers. Because the subcritical natural circulation boiler has a safe and easy to operate, the simple operation and operation can be applied to the advantages of peaking investment and low maintenance costs. It is very suitable for China's national conditions and has been welcomed by the Chinese power market. For more than a decade, the number of natural circulation boilers ordered by the domestically produced 300 and sub-pile boilers has greatly increased. Peak shaving is the requirement for the entire generator set. It is not only the main equipment, but also the auxiliary equipment and the thermal control of the thermal system. The generator set itself is a huge system. According to the requirements of the system engineering, the work of designing, manufacturing, installation and operation is completed, forming a coordinated whole. The peak of the thermal power unit is connected to the 85th page.

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